• At The Time Appointed, He [Antiochus IV (175 B.C.E. – 164 B.C.E.) shall return;
• And come toward The South [Towards Egypt, The Kingdom of The Ptolemies];
• But It shall not be as The Former – or as The Latter.

(Daniel 11:29)

Antiochus IV had endeavoured to attack Egypt twice beforehand, the first or ‘The Former’ (prophesied in Daniel 11:23 – 24) and the second or ‘The Latter’ (prophesied in Daniel 11:25 & 26). “The Latter Attack’ had seen Antiochus IV be more successful that any Seleucid commander, but this time as The Prophecy delineates, he is not successful.

As was noted in previous posts, The Roman Republic had not been able to halt Antiochus IV’s latter advance into Egypt (which had ended in 169 B.C.E.) because it had been involved in The Third Macedonian War against the last Macedonian King, Perseus (179 B.C.E. – 168 B.C.E.)

Antiochus IV should have studied the history of The Roman Republic. The Following is a list of The Republic’s battles and victories from the Third Century B.C.E.

3rd century BC

• Third Samnite War (298–290 BC)
  • 298 BC – Battle of Camerinum – Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus.
  • 297 BC – Battle of Tifernum – Romans under Quintus Fabius Maximus and Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus defeat the Samnite army led by Gellius Statius
  • 295 BC – Battle of Sentinum – Romans under Fabius Rullianus and Publius Decimus Mus defeat the Samnites and their Etruscan and Gallic allies, forcing the Etruscans, Gauls, and Umbrians to make peace
  • 293 BC – Battle of Aquilonia – Romans decisively defeat the Samnites.
• Wars with Gauls and Etruscans (285–282 BC)
  • 284 BC – Battle of Arretium – A Roman army under Lucius Caecilius is destroyed by the Gauls.
  • 283 BC – Battle of Lake Vadimo – A Roman army under P. Cornelius Dolabella defeats the Etruscans and Gauls.
  • 282 BC – Battle of Populonia – Etruscan resistance to Roman domination of Italy is finally crushed.
• Pyrrhic War (280–272 BCE)^[2]
  • 280 BC – Battle of Heraclea – First engagement of Roman and Greek armies, the latter led by Pyrrhus of Epirus, who is victorious, but at great cost.
  • 279 BC – Battle of Asculum – Pyrrhus again defeats the Romans but once again suffers significant casualties in the process.
  • 275 BC – Battle of Beneventum – Inconclusive encounter between Pyrrhus and the Romans under Manius Curius.
• 265 BCE – Rome completed the occupation of the Italian Peninsula^[2] (except Northern Italy)
• First Punic War (264–241 BCE)^[2]
  • 261 BC – Battle of Agrigentum – Carthaginian forces under Hannibal Gisco and Hanno are defeated by the Romans, who attain control of most of Sicily.
  • 260 BC –
    • Battle of the Lipari Islands – A Roman naval force is defeated by the Carthaginians.
    • Battle of Mylae – A Roman naval force under C. Duillius defeats the Carthaginian fleet, giving Rome control of the western Mediterranean.
  • 258 BC – Battle of Sulci – Minor Roman victory against the Carthaginian fleet near Sardinia.
  • 257 BC – Battle of Tyndaris – Naval victory of Rome over Carthage in Sicilian waters.
  • 256 BC –
    • Battle of Cape Ecnomus – A Carthaginian fleet under Hamilcar and Hanno is defeated in an attempt to stop a Roman invasion of Africa by Marcus Atilius Regulus.
    • Battle of Adys – Romans under Regulus defeat the Carthaginians in North Africa
  • 255 BC – Battle of Tunis – Carthaginians under Xanthippus, a Greek mercenary, defeat the Romans under Regulus, who is captured.
  • 251 BC – Battle of Panormus – Carthaginian forces under Hasdrubal are defeated by the Romans under L. Caecilius Metellus.
  • 250 BC – Siege of Lilybaeum – Siege on the Carthaginian city of Lilybaeum by Roman army under Gaius Atilius Regulus Serranus and Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus. Carthaginian victory.
  • 249 BC – Battle of Drepana – Carthage under Adherbal defeat the fleet of Roman admiral Publius Claudius Pulcher.
  • 241 BC – Battle of the Aegates Islands – Roman sea victory over the Carthaginians.
  • 238 BCE – Roman conquest of Sardinia^[2]
• First Illyrian War (229–228 BCE)^{[2][further explanation needed]}
• Roman-Gallic wars (225–200 BC)^{[citation needed]}
  • 225 BC – Battle of Faesulae – Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
  • 225 BC – Battle of Telamon – Romans under Aemilius Papus and Gaius Atilius Regulus defeat the Gauls.
  • 222 BC – Battle of Clastidium – Romans under Marcus Claudius Marcellus defeat the Gauls.
  • 216 BC – Battle of Silva Litana – Roman army under Lucius Postumius Albinus is ambushed by the Boii and crushed under falling trees.
• Gaulish invasion of northern Italy (200–191 BCE)^[2]
  • 200 BC – Battle of Cremona – Roman forces defeat the Gauls of Cisalpine Gaul
• 220–219 BCE Second Illyrian War^{[2][further explanation needed]}
• Second Punic War (218–201 BCE)^[2]
  • 218 BC –
    • Battle of Lilybaeum – First naval clash between the navies of Carthage and Rome during the Second Punic War; Roman victory.
    • Battle of Cissa – Romans defeat Carthaginians near Tarraco and gain control of the territory north of the Ebro River.
    • Battle of the Ticinus – Hannibal defeats the Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio the elder in a cavalry fight.
    • Battle of the Trebia – Hannibal defeats the Romans under Tiberius Sempronius Longus with the use of an ambush.
  • 217 BC –
    • Battle of Ebro River – In a surprise attack, Romans defeat and capture the Carthaginian fleet in Hispania.
    • Battle of Lake Trasimene – In another ambush, Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Gaius Flaminius, who is killed.
    • Battle of Ager Falernus – Avoiding destruction with deceit, Hannibal escapes Fabius’ trap in this small skirmish.
  • 216 BC –
    • Battle of Cannae – Hannibal destroys the main Roman army of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Publius Terentius Varro in what is considered one of the great masterpieces of the tactical art.
    • Battle of Silva Litana – The Boii ambushed and destroyed a Roman army of 25,000 men
    • First Battle of Nola – Roman general Marcus Claudius Marcellus holds off an attack by Hannibal.
    • Battle of Cornus –
    • Battle of Hibera –
    • Battle of Cumae –
  • 215 BC – Second Battle of Nola – Marcellus again repulses an attack by Hannibal.
  • 214 BC – Third Battle of Nola – Marcellus fights an inconclusive battle with Hannibal.
  • 212 BC –
    • First Battle of Capua – Hannibal defeats the consuls Q. Fulvius Flaccus and Appius Claudius, but the Roman army escapes
    • Battle of the Silarus – Hannibal destroys the army of the Roman praetor M. Centenius Penula.
    • Battle of Herdonia – Hannibal destroys the Roman army of the praetor Gnaeus Fulvius.
  • 211 BC –
    • Battle of the Upper Baetis – Publius and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio are killed in battle with the Carthaginians under Hasdrubal Barca
    • Second Battle of Capua – Hannibal is not able to break the Roman siege of the city.
  • 210 BC –
    • Second Battle of Herdonia – Hannibal destroys the Roman army of Fulvius Centumalus, who is killed.
    • Battle of Numistro – Hannibal defeats Marcellus once more
  • 209 BC – Battle of Asculum – Hannibal once again defeats Marcellus, in an indecisive battle
  • 208 BC – Battle of Baecula – Romans in Hispania (Iberia) under P. Cornelius Scipio the Younger defeat Hasdrubal Barca.
  • 207 BC –
    • Battle of Grumentum – Roman general Gaius Claudius Nero fights an indecisive battle with Hannibal.
    • Battle of the Metaurus – Hasdrubal is defeated and killed by Nero’s Roman army.
    • Battle of Carmona – Romans under Publius Cornelius Scipio besiege the city of Carmona and take it from Hasdrubal Gisco
  • 206 BC –
    • Battle of Ilipa – Scipio again decisively defeats the remaining Carthaginian forces in Hispania.
    • Battle of the Guadalquivir – Roman army under Gaius Lucius Marcius Séptimus defeats a Carthaginian army under Hannón at Guadalquivir.
    • Battle of Carteia – Roman fleet under Gaius Laelius defeats a Carthaginian fleet under Adherbal
  • 204 BC – Battle of Crotona – Hannibal fights a drawn battle against the Roman general Sempronius in Southern Italy.
  • 203 BC – Battle of Bagbrades – Romans under Scipio defeat the Carthaginian army of Hasdrubal Gisco and Syphax. Hannibal is sent to return to Africa.
  • 202 BC, 19 October – Battle of Zama – Scipio Africanus Major decisively defeats Hannibal in North Africa, ending the Second Punic War.
• First Macedonian War (214–205 BCE)^[2]

2nd century BC

• Second Macedonian War (200–197 BCE)^[2]
  • 198 BC – Battle of the Aous – Roman forces under Titus Quinctius Flamininus defeat the Macedonians under Philip V
  • 197 BC – Battle of Cynoscephalae – Romans under Flamininus decisively defeats Philip in Thessaly
• Roman-Spartan War (195 BC)
  • 195 BC – Battle of Gythium – With some Roman assistance, Philopoemen of the Achaean League defeats the Spartans under Nabis
• Battle of Placentia (194 BC) – Roman victory over the Boian Gauls
• Battle of Mutina (193 BC) – Roman victory over the Boii, decisively ending the Boian threat.
• Roman–Seleucid War (192 BCE – 188 BCE)^[2] (not to be confused with the Syrian Wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt)
  • 191 BC – Battle of Thermopylae – Romans under Manius Acilius Glabrio defeat Antiochus III the Great and force him to evacuate Greece
  • 190 BC –
    • Battle of the Eurymedon – Roman forces under Lucius Aemilius Regillus defeat a Seleucid fleet commanded by Hannibal, fighting his last battle.
    • Battle of Myonessus – Another Seleucid fleet is defeated by the Romans
    • December, Battle of Magnesia – (near Smyrna) Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio and his brother Scipio Africanus Major defeat Antiochus III the Great in the decisive victory of the war.
• Aetolian War (191–189 BC)
• Galatian War (189 BC)
  • Battle of Mount Olympus – Romans under Gnaeus Manlius Vulso allied with Attalus II of Pergamum deliver a crushing defeat to an army of Galatian Gauls
  • Battle of Ancyra – Gnaeus Manlius Vulso and Attalus II defeat the Galatian Gauls again before Ancyra, in what was an almost identical repeat of the Battle of Mount Olympus.
• First Celtiberian War (181–179 BC)
  • 181 BC – Battle of Manlian Pass – Romans under Fulvius Flaccus defeat an army of Celtiberians.
• Third Macedonian War (171–168 BCE)^[2]
  • 171 BC – Battle of Callicinus – Perseus of Macedon defeats a Roman army under Publius Licinius Crassus.
  • 168 BC, 22 June – Battle of Pydna – Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus defeat and capture Macedonian King Perseus.
• Third Illyrian War (169–167 BC)

It is ironic that Antiochus IV’s sister, Cleopatra Syra, who had been given in marriage to Ptolemy V, by their father, Antiochus III, had understood the burgeoning power of Rome and had persuaded her husband to form an alliance with The Romans.

When The Macedonian threat had been overcome, Rome came to the assistance of The Ptolemy Dynasty, now in the hands of Cleopatra’s son Ptolemy VI.

In one of the most intriguing incidents in ancient history, which is prophesied in Daniel 11:30, Antiochus IV was forced to depart from Egypt.

Of course, if Antiochus IV had read The Holy Jewish Scriptures, especially ‘The Book of Daniel’, he would have been as wise as his sister, but he did not; and great was the carnage unleashed against The Jewish Nation when Antiochus IV retreated from Egypt.

Next Week: Daniel 11:30